Community Nursing - Week 9 - Emerging Infectious Diseases

Lorraine Melo

Chapter15-2.pptx

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Chapter 15: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Chapter Highlights

Emerging versus reemerging infectious diseases

Factors that influence the emergence/reemergence of infectious diseases

Recent emerging/reemerging infectious diseases

Prevention and control of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases

Reemergence of vaccine‐preventable diseases

Question #1

Is the following statement true or false?

Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

Answer to Question #1

True

Rationale: Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

Emerging Infectious Disease

A newly identified clinically distinct infectious disease or the reappearance (or reemergence) of a known infectious disease after its decline with an incidence that is increasing in a certain geographic area or in a specific population

Factors That Influence Emerging Infectious Diseases

Microbial adaptation and change

Human susceptibility to infection

Climate, changing ecosystems, and human behavior

Travel, technology, and industry

Lack of political will and breakdown of public health infrastructure

Question #2

Is the following statement true or false?

Epidemics and pandemics can place long‐term demands on healthcare systems.

Answer to Question #2

False

Rationale: Epidemics and pandemics can place sudden and intense demands on healthcare systems.

Recent Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases #1

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

MERS‐CoV

Avian influenza

H1N1 Influenza

Novel Avian influenza A

West Nile virus

Recent Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases #2

Lyme disease

E. Coli 0157:H7

Tuberculosis

Ebola virus disease

Zika virus disease

Question #3

Is the following statement true or false?

Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with zoo animals.

Answer to Question #3

False

Rationale: Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with animals and birds.

Reemerging Vaccine‐Preventable Diseases

Measles

Mumps

Rubella

Pertussis

Antibiotic‐Resistant Microorganisms #1

Urgent threats

Clostridium difficile

Carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Serious threats

Concerning threats

Antibiotic‐Resistant Microorganisms #2

Urgent threats

Serious threats

Concerning threats

Question #4

Is the following statement true or false?

Outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.

Answer to Question #4

True

In addition to morbidity and mortality, outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.